Functional Groups
1. Acids & Bases
* Acids have a high concentration of hydrogen ions.
* Sour taste. corrosive
* Low pH (between 1-6)
* An example of an acid citric acid, hydraulic acid (located in the stomach)
* Bases have a high concentration of hydroxide (OH) ions.
* slippery, reacts with metal
* High pH (8-14)
* An example of a base is soap, baking soda, windex
2. Alcohols
* Alcohols contain an -- OH
* Examples of alcohols are methanol, propanol and butanol.
* Glycerol & ethanol are the only two alcohols that can mixed to make a consumable item.
* Alcohols are used for fuel.
* Alcohols are used to sanitize.
* Alcohol can lead to impairment of the five senses.
* Alcohol can cause damage to the liver. (alcohol poisoning)
3. Aldehydes
* Aldehydes contain =O
* Example of aldehyde is methanal and formaldehyde.
* Formaldehyde is used as a preservative.
* Aldehydes are used in perfumes because of their sweet smell while others have a pungent smell.
* Aldehydes are highly reactive.
* Aldehydes are dangerous to living things.
* Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen.
4. Amides/Amines
5. Biochemical
6. Esters/Ethers
7. Ketones
8.Organic Compounds/Hydrocarbons
* Acids have a high concentration of hydrogen ions.
* Sour taste. corrosive
* Low pH (between 1-6)
* An example of an acid citric acid, hydraulic acid (located in the stomach)
* Bases have a high concentration of hydroxide (OH) ions.
* slippery, reacts with metal
* High pH (8-14)
* An example of a base is soap, baking soda, windex
2. Alcohols
* Alcohols contain an -- OH
* Examples of alcohols are methanol, propanol and butanol.
* Glycerol & ethanol are the only two alcohols that can mixed to make a consumable item.
* Alcohols are used for fuel.
* Alcohols are used to sanitize.
* Alcohol can lead to impairment of the five senses.
* Alcohol can cause damage to the liver. (alcohol poisoning)
3. Aldehydes
* Aldehydes contain =O
* Example of aldehyde is methanal and formaldehyde.
* Formaldehyde is used as a preservative.
* Aldehydes are used in perfumes because of their sweet smell while others have a pungent smell.
* Aldehydes are highly reactive.
* Aldehydes are dangerous to living things.
* Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen.
4. Amides/Amines
5. Biochemical
6. Esters/Ethers
7. Ketones
8.Organic Compounds/Hydrocarbons
Periodic Table Groups Exam Review Notes
Page One: Periodic Table Groups
1. Students should be able to identify the major groups on the periodic table given a list of their properties.
2. Students should be able to identify three examples of elements found within each group.
GROUPING THE ELEMENTS
Group 1 & 2: Very Reactive Metals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals & Rare Earth Metals
Transition
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
Groups 3-16: Groups with Metalloids
Boron Group
Carbon Group
Nitrogen Group
Oxygen Group
Groups 17 & 18: Nonmetals Only
Halogens
Noble Gases
*** Use Chapter 12 from the textbook to assist in studying in addition to the next from the gallery walk. ***
1. Students should be able to identify the major groups on the periodic table given a list of their properties.
2. Students should be able to identify three examples of elements found within each group.
GROUPING THE ELEMENTS
Group 1 & 2: Very Reactive Metals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals & Rare Earth Metals
Transition
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
Groups 3-16: Groups with Metalloids
Boron Group
Carbon Group
Nitrogen Group
Oxygen Group
Groups 17 & 18: Nonmetals Only
Halogens
Noble Gases
*** Use Chapter 12 from the textbook to assist in studying in addition to the next from the gallery walk. ***
Matter Exam Review Notes
Page One: Matter Triangle
1. Students should be able to complete the matter triangle for H2O.
2. Students should know the processes to go from:
a. gas to liquid/liquid to gas
b. liquid to solid/solid to liquid
c. gas to solid/solid to gas
3. Students should be able to read the description of a process and identify the process described.
(ex. Water particles form on the outside of a cold glass of water. CONDENSATION)
*** see class notes ***
Page Two: Density & Temperature Conversions
1. Students should know that density=mass/volume. Using this equation students should be able to solve for density, mass, or volume, when given the other two variables.
2. Students should be able to convert between degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
*** Use online temperature conversion as well as conversions within your student agenda. ***
Page Three: Theory & Application
1. Students should be able to explain the process of measuring the density of an irregular object.
2. Students be able to relate density to the ability of object to sink or float in water.
3. Students should be able to explain why liquids of varying densities create layers when placed in the same container.
*** Review brain pop on density and science explorations from Discovery Education. ***
1. Students should be able to complete the matter triangle for H2O.
2. Students should know the processes to go from:
a. gas to liquid/liquid to gas
b. liquid to solid/solid to liquid
c. gas to solid/solid to gas
3. Students should be able to read the description of a process and identify the process described.
(ex. Water particles form on the outside of a cold glass of water. CONDENSATION)
*** see class notes ***
Page Two: Density & Temperature Conversions
1. Students should know that density=mass/volume. Using this equation students should be able to solve for density, mass, or volume, when given the other two variables.
2. Students should be able to convert between degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
*** Use online temperature conversion as well as conversions within your student agenda. ***
Page Three: Theory & Application
1. Students should be able to explain the process of measuring the density of an irregular object.
2. Students be able to relate density to the ability of object to sink or float in water.
3. Students should be able to explain why liquids of varying densities create layers when placed in the same container.
*** Review brain pop on density and science explorations from Discovery Education. ***